Carbide Tipped Reamers Technical Information

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Cost Effective Reamer Selection - Carbide Tipped VS. HSS and Cobalt

1
FIND THE CLASS FOR MATERIAL BEING REAMED – SEE TOOL SELECTION CHART 		2
DETERMINE MATERIAL CONDITION AND HARDNESS 		3
DETERMINE TOTAL NUMBER OF HOLES TO BE REAMED, THEN LOCATE MOST COST EFFECTIVE REAMER ON MATERIAL CONDITION/HARDNESS LINE
CHIP
CLASS 		MATERIAL
CLASS 		MATERIAL
CONDITION/HARDNESS 		TOTAL NUMBER OF HOLES TO BE REAMED
1 5 10 20 40 80 160 320 640
20 NON-FERROUS LONG CHIPS SOFT – UNDER 10% SILICON HSS HSS HSS HSS CT CT CT CT CT
ABRASIVE – OVER 10% SILICON HSS Cobalt CT CT CT CT CT CT CT
40 NON-FERROUS SHORT CHIPS SOFT – FREE MACHINING HSS HSS HSS HSS CT CT CT CT CT
HARD – HIGH TENSILE HSS Cobalt Cobalt CT CT CT CT CT CT
60 CAST IRONS SOFT – 120 TO 220 Bhn HSS HSS HSS CT CT CT CT CT CT
MEDIUM – 220 TO 300 Bhn HSS Cobalt Cobalt CT CT CT CT CT CT
HARD – OVER 300 Bhn HSS Cobalt CT CT CT CT CT CT CT
80 LOW STRENGTH STEELS SOFT – 80 TO 175 Bhn HSS HSS HSS CT CT CT CT CT CT
MEDIUM – 176 TO 275 Bhn HSS Cobalt CT CT CT CT CT CT CT
HARD – OVER 275 Bhn Cobalt Cobalt CT CT CT CT CT CT CT
100 MEDIUM STRENGTH STEELS SOFT – 150 TO 275 Bhn HSS HSS HSS CT CT CT CT CT CT
MEDIUM – 276 TO 425 Bhn HSS Cobalt CT CT CT CT CT CT CT
HARD – OVER 45 Rc Cobalt CT CT CT CT CT CT CT CT
120 HIGH STRENGTH STEELS SOFT – 135 TO 275 Bhn HSS HSS CT CT CT CT CT CT CT
MEDIUM – 276 TO 425 Bhn Cobalt Cobalt CT CT CT CT CT CT CT
HARD – OVER 45 Rc Cobalt CT CT CT CT CT CT CT CT
140 HIGH TEMPERATURE ALLOYS ALL CONDITIONS CT CT CT CT CT CT CT CT CT
CT=Carbide Tipped HSS= High Speed Steel

Reamer Basics

The reamer is used to finish machine a previously formed hole to an exact diameter with a smooth finish. It should not be used to significantly enlarge a hole (max. 5% – depending on material and hardness).

Carbide tipped reamers are especially appropriate for close tolerance reaming. Because carbide is very highly resistant to wear, the reamer will produce accurate hole size and a smooth finish far longer than high speed steel or cobalt.

The reamer is an end cutting tool, cutting only on the chamfer’s edge at the outside diameter of the preformed hole. The standard 45º chamfer angle provides effective cutting action for most materials.

    Reamer Types:
  • General Purpose – Superior performance over high speed steel and cobalt; good in a wide variety of materials
  • Material Specific – Excellent in large production runs due to material specific carbide & tool geometry
  • Coolant Fed – Exceptional performance and tool life using material specific reamer technology and coolant fed capabilities; maximizes feeds & speeds

Decrease Your Machining Cost per Hole Reamed With Carbide Tipped Reamers

Why is total cost per hole reamed far lower with carbide tipped reamers despite its higher initial cost?

    Because of:
  • Higher feeds & speeds due to heat resistant cutting edge – reduces machine cycle time per part
  • Consistent quality – maintains hole size and surface finish far longer
  • Longer tool life – reduces down time for tool changes

Free Technical Reaming Guide Available

Want more technical information? Request a free copy of “HANNIBAL’S Guide to Cost Effective Reaming.“
it is continously updated to include the latest reamer technical developments, including:

  • Reamer Stock Removal Chart
  • Developing Optimum Feeds & Speeds
  • Titanium Coatings
  • Flute Geometry
  • Avoiding Reaming Problems
  • Runout Concerns
  • Reamer Nomenclature & Definitions

Reamer Specifications

  • Geometry and carbide grade appropriate for material being machined
  • Carbide tips brazed to tough hardened alloy steel body, except expansion reamers which are not hardened
  • Polished flutes for easy chip flow
  • ASME/ANSI B94.2; NAS 897; USCTI
  • Precision ground cutting edges
  • “Taper Shank No.” refers to American Standard taper series (formerly Morse taper series) per ASME/ANSI B5.10
  • Material specific reamer shanks are ground to next smallest shank diameter listed in NAS 897 if tool diameter is within .005″ of shank diameter
  • Expansion reamers can be expanded for regrinding as follows:
Tool Diameter Guaranteed
Minimum Expansion
5/16” – 15/32” .006″
1/2” – 31/32” .010″
1″ – 1 1/2 ” .013″
1 9/16” – 2 1/2 ” .015″
 

Reamer Tolerances

Tool diameter tolerance:

  • General purpose & Coolant fed
    • Thru 1 1/2″ tool diameter: plus .0003″, minus .0000″
    • Over 1 1/2″ tool diameter: plus .0004″, minus .0000″
  • Material specific (NAS)
    • Thru 1/2″ tool diameter: plus .0002″, minus .0000″
    • Over 1/2″ tool diameter thru 3/4″: plus .0003″, minus .0000″
    • Over 3/4″ tool diameter: plus .0004″, minus .0000″

 

Shank diameter tolerance:

  • General purpose
    • minus .0005″, minus.0015″
  • Material specific (NAS) & Coolant fed
    • Thru 23/32″ tool diameter: plus .0000″, minus .0010″
    • Over 23/32″ tool diameter: plus .0000″, minus .0015″

Closer tool diameter tolerance pricing per tool:

Standard Tolerance Modified to Closer Tolerance
.0003″ .0002″ .0001″
.0004 $ 1.00 $ 3.00 $ 5.00
.0003 – $ 1.00 $ 3.00
.0002 – – $ 3.00
 

Reamer Problem Solving Guide – Carbide Tipped

AVOID PROBLEMS BY CAREFUL ORIGINAL SET-UP
MACHINE CONDITION Tool holder in good condition and secure part holding fixture
TOOL CONDITION Use cutting tool recommended for material being machined. Avoid excessive tool overhang.
FEEDS & SPEEDS Start with feeds and speeds recommended for material being machined
COOLANT Coolant flow must be adequate to avoid intermittent quenching and to flush chips promptly,
avoiding the recutting of hardened chips.
REAMING PROBLEMSPOSSIBLE CAUSESPOSSIBLE SOLUTIONS
1.POOR FINISHUnequal chamfersRegrind reamer with equal chamfer height
Incorrect marginsRegrind reamer with narrower margins for reaming higher tensile materials
Excessive spindle runoutUse bushing – .0002″/.0003″ over reamer diameter
ChatterIncrease speed and reduce feed rate
Use power feed unless material is hard
Use spiral fluted reamer
Grind secondary lead angle immediately behind 45º chamfer
Insufficient cutting actionSpecify reamer with positive radial rake to reduce cutting preasure – may
produce slightly larger diameter holes
2.OVERSIZED HOLES
TAPERED HOLES
BELL MOUTH HOLES		MisalignmentCheck fixturing & setup for possible causes; use floating holder if necessary
Consider using precision bushings or piloted reamers
Incorrect feed and/or speedVerify feeds & speeds
3.EXCESSIVE TOOL WEARImproper stock removalChange pre-ream hole size to leave 2 to 3% of tool diameter
Excessive reaming pressureDecrease feed rate
See solution for “improper stock removal” in #3
MisalignmentSee solution for “misalignment” in #2
4.CROOKED HOLESDrill walking or incorrect
sharpening		Correct drilling operation – reamer will follow drilled hole
Increase 90º included chamfer angle to 120º – 180º
5.TOOL BREAKAGEExcessive reaming pressureSee solution for “excessive reaming pressure” in #3
MisalignmentSee solution for “misalignment” in #2

Reamer Index and Comparison Chart


DESCRIPTION
HANNIBALCJTCLEV-
ELAND		FULL-
ERTON		GREEN-
FIELD/
RTW		IMCOMORSEUNION
FRAC.
PAGE		METRIC
PAGE		TOOL
TYPE

COOLANT FEEDING REAMERS
Straight Flutes-Center Feed106107414,424,434452      
Straight Flutes-Flute Feed108109416,426,435452A      
Right Spiral Flutes-Center Feed110 411,413,415453      
Right Spiral Flutes-Flute Feed111 417,418,419453A      
Left Spiral Flutes-Flute Feed112 427,428,429       
Metcut Type-Right Spiral Flutes105 490       

GENERAL PURPOSE CHUCKING REAMERS
Stub Length- Straight Flutes5051430  50SMSM82005670 
Stub Length- Left Spiral Flutes5051440 470150SMLSML82505669 
Jobbers Drill Length- Straight Flutes52 401       
Dowell Pin Sizes/Over & Under Sizes53 477/479       
Straight Flutes- Straight Shank5460400450470350SSSSR800056555950
Jobbers Drill Length- Straight Flutes52 401       
Dowell Pin Sizes/Over & Under Sizes55 476/478450   8003/2  
Wire & Letter Sizes53 400       
Stocked .0005 Increments56 400       
Straight Flutes- Taper Shank6263402 471550TSTSR801056565955
Str Flute Long Carbide- Str Shank6465450480 50SFSFR81005659 
Stocked .0005 Increments67 450       
Str Flute Long Carbide- Taper Shank7071452   TFR81105660 
Expansion Type- Straight Shank7273465490 50ESESR850057335531
Expansion Type- Taper Shank7475467495 50ETETR851057345532
Right Spiral Flutes- Straight Shank7677410470 50SRSRSR802056535961
Right Spiral Flutes- Taper Shank80 412   TRSR8040 5966
Left Spiral Flutes- Straight Shank7879420  50SLSLSR803056515960
Left Spiral Flutes- Taper Shank80 422 4710  8050 5965
Jobbers- Taper Shank61 403       

MATERIAL SPECIFIC CHUCKING REAMERS
Stub Length- Straight Flutes91 470/471/475       
Straight Flutes & Shank- For Steels8890480       
Dowell Pin Sizes/Over & Under Sizes89 488/486       
Straight Flutes- Straight Shank9293407/408/409 4703     
Straight Flutes- Taper Shank96 472/473/474 4715     
Str Flute Long Carbide- Str Shank9495457/458/459       
Str Flute Long Carbide- Taper Shank97 453/454/455       
Expansion Type- Straight Shank98 464/466/468 704     
Expansion Type- Taper Shank99 461/462/463 716     
Right Spiral Flutes- Straight Shank100 432/436/438 4711     
Right Spir Flt Long Carbide- Str Shank101 442/443/444       
Left Spiral Flutes- Straight Shank102 433/437/439 4709     
Left Spir Flt Long Carbide- Str Shank103 482/483/484       

PIPE TAP REAMERS
Straight Shank61 446       
Taper Shank61 447       

SEMI-FINISHED REAMERS 		103 482/483/484       

SHELL REAMERS
Straight Flutes82 431     56255910
Left Spiral Flutes83 441       
Arbors- Straight Shank83 481 133 32S 5054135
Arbors- Taper Shank83 481 133A 32T 5064140

SOLID CARBIDE REAMERS
Straight Flutes (General Purpose)8484804 173014001200900056615760
Wire & Letter Sizes84 804  1400 9000  
Stocked .0005 Increments66 804       
Straight Flutes (Material Specific)85 802/803 173014101200   
Right Spiral Flutes (Material Specific)85 812/813 17111410R1200R   
Left Spiral Flutes (Material Specific)85 822/823  1410L    

SOLID CARBIDE HEAD REAMERS
Straight Flutes- Steel Shank86 800/801  145013009500  
Right Spiral Flutes- Steel Shank87 810/811  1450R1300R   
Left Spiral Flutes- Steel Shank87 820/821  1450L    

STEP REAMERS
Straight Flute Long Carbide113 457/458/459 Step       
Right Spiral Flute Long Carbide114 442/443/444 Step       
Left Spiral Flute Long Carbide115 482/483/484 Step       

Coolant Fed Reamers Superior Hole Finish, Feeds & Speeds, & Tool Life

Advantages & Application Recommendations

Superior Surface Finishes

  • Tool’s ability to flush chips away from the cutting edge prevents recutting of chips
  • Coolant’s constant presence at the cutting edge reduces heat in both the reamer and workpiece
  • Extremely fine ground finish of the reamer’s chamfer reduces buildup of material on the cutting edges

Higher Feeds and Speeds

  • Maximum utilization of the coolant’s lubricating properties
  • Material specific geometries ensure optimum feed and speed capability

Maximum Tool Life

  • Use of premium carbide grades based on material specific application

Blind Hole Applications

  • Select tool with center coolant outlet to flush chips out of the hole

Thru Hole Applications

  • Select tool with flute coolant outlets which enable the coolant to flush the chips ahead of the tool
  • Available in straight, right spiral, and left spiral flutes

Reaming  A Hole With Interruptions

  • Select the proper spiral based on hole condition (blind or thru)
  • Spiral flutes will help bridge the interruption (i.e., crosshole, keyway, etc.)
  • Do not use straight flute reamer

Reamer Selection Guide Based on Hole Condition

Carbide Length

Use flute long carbide for hole depths exceeding maximum shallow depth

Hole Diameter Max. Shallow Hole Depth
.1875″ thru .3125″ .500″
.3126″ thru .7188″ .625″
.7189″ thru 1.0625″ .750″
1.0626″ thru 1.5000″ .875″
MATERIAL CHIP CLASS FLUTE STYLE THRU HOLE BLIND HOLE
SHALLOW DEEP SHALLOW DEEP
STR. SHANK TPR. SHANK STR. SHANK TPR. SHANK STR. SHANK TPR. SHANK STR. SHANK TPR. SHANK
20ALUMINUM ALLOY COPPER ALLOY (TOUGH) LEAD ALLOY NON-METAL & PLASTIC ZINC ALLOY GENERAL PURPOSE TYPES
SPIRAL 420 422 440 – 410 412 – –
STRAIGHT 400 402 450 452 400 402 450 452
EXPANSION 465 467 465 467 465 467 465 467
MATERIAL SPECIFIC TYPES
SPIRAL 433 – 482 – 432 – 442 –
STRAIGHT 407 472 457 453 407 472 457 453
EXPANSION 464 461 464 461 464 461 464 461
COOLANT FED TYPES
SPIRAL 427 – 427 – 411 – 411 –
STRAIGHT 416 – 416 – 414 – 414 –
MATERIAL CHIP CLASS FLUTE STYLE THRU HOLE BLIND HOLE
SHALLOW DEEP SHALLOW DEEP
STR. SHANK TPR. SHANK STR. SHANK TPR. SHANK STR. SHANK TPR. SHANK STR. SHANK TPR. SHANK
40ALUMINUM BRONZE BRASS BRONZE MAGNESIUM ALLOY NICKEL SILVER GENERAL PURPOSE TYPES
SPIRAL 420 422 440 – 410 412 – –
STRAIGHT 400 402 450 452 400 402 450 452
EXPANSION 465 467 465 467 465 467 465 467
MATERIAL SPECIFIC TYPES
SPIRAL 433 – 482 – 432 – 442 –
STRAIGHT 407 472 457 453 407 472 457 453
EXPANSION 464 461 464 461 464 461 464 461
COOLANT FED TYPES
SPIRAL 427 – 427 – 411 – 411 –
STRAIGHT 416 – 416 – 414 – 414 –
MATERIAL CHIP CLASS FLUTE STYLE THRU HOLE BLIND HOLE
SHALLOW DEEP SHALLOW DEEP
STR. SHANK TPR. SHANK STR. SHANK TPR. SHANK STR. SHANK TPR. SHANK STR. SHANK TPR. SHANK
60DUCTILE CAST IRON GRAY CAST IRON MALLEABLE CAST IRON NODULAR CAST IRON GENERAL PURPOSE TYPES
SPIRAL 420 422 440 – 410 412 – –
STRAIGHT 400 402 450 452 400 402 450 452
EXPANSION 465 467 465 467 465 467 465 467
MATERIAL SPECIFIC TYPES
SPIRAL 437 – 483 – 436 – 443 –
STRAIGHT 408 473 458 454 408 473 458 454
EXPANSION 466 462 466 462 466 462 466 462
COOLANT FED TYPES
SPIRAL 428 – 428 – 413 – 413 –
STRAIGHT 426 – 426 – 424 – 424 –
MATERIAL CHIP CLASS FLUTE STYLE THRU HOLE BLIND HOLE
SHALLOW DEEP SHALLOW DEEP
STR. SHANK TPR. SHANK STR. SHANK TPR. SHANK STR. SHANK TPR. SHANK STR. SHANK TPR. SHANK
80 – 100 – 120LOW STRENGTH STEEL MEDIUM STRENGTH STEEL HIGH STRENGTH STEEL TOOL STEEL GENERAL PURPOSE TYPES
SPIRAL 420 422 440 – 410 412 – –
STRAIGHT 400 402 450 452 400 402 450 452
EXPANSION 465 467 465 467 465 467 465 467
MATERIAL SPECIFIC TYPES
SPIRAL 439 – 484 – 438 – 444 –
STRAIGHT 409 480 474 459 480 455 409 480 474 459 480 455
EXPANSION 468 463 468 463 468 463 468 463
COOLANT FED TYPES
SPIRAL 429 – 429 – 415 – 415 –
STRAIGHT 435 – 435 – 434 – 434 –
MATERIAL CHIP CLASS FLUTE STYLE THRU HOLE BLIND HOLE
SHALLOW DEEP SHALLOW DEEP
STR. SHANK TPR. SHANK STR. SHANK TPR. SHANK STR. SHANK TPR. SHANK STR. SHANK TPR. SHANK
140IRON BASE ALLOY NICKEL BASE ALLOY 300 SERIES STAINLESS 400 SERIES STAINLESS PH SERIES STAINLESS TITANIUM ALLOY GENERAL PURPOSE TYPES
SPIRAL 420 422 440 – 410 412 – –
STRAIGHT 400 402 450 452 400 402 450 452
EXPANSION 465 467 465 467 465 467 465 467
MATERIAL SPECIFIC TYPES
SPIRAL 439 – 484 – 438 – 444 –
STRAIGHT 409 474 459 455 409 474 459 455
EXPANSION 468 463 468 463 468 463 468 463
COOLANT FED TYPES
SPIRAL 429 – 429 – 415 – 415 –
STRAIGHT 435 – 435 – 434 – 434 –

Stocked Step Reamers Cutting Or Non Cutting Pilot

Low Cost & Prompt Delivery

Hannibal Responds to Market Demand For Material Specific Step and Pilot Reamers

  • 9 types now available in straight, right spiral, and left spiral flute designs
  • Reduce tooling cost and costly setup time by reaming multi-diameter holes in one operation
  • Eliminate problems caused by heavy stock removal – use a step reamer to remove excess material with minor diameter, while setting up the finish diameter to remove adequate stock to obtain size and best finish
  • When alignment is critical, rely on a piloted reamer; the pilot is non-cutting and acts as a guide to ensure alignment of multi-diameter holes

Step Reamer Modifications

  • Modified tool diameter
  • Metric tool diameter
  • Closer tool diameter tolerance
  • End chamfer other than 45º
  • End cutting or corner radius
  • Increased/decreased circular margin
  • Increased/decreased tool diameter back taper
  • Shortened shank or reduced shank diameter
  • Flat(s) or tang on shank


Coatings available:

TITANIUM NITRIDE – TiN
TITANIUM CARBONITRIDE – TiCN

Step Reamer Specifications

  • Geometry and carbide grade appropriate for material being machined
  • Carbide tips brazed to tough hardened alloy steel body
  • Polished flutes for easy chip flow
  • Reamer shanks are ground to next smallest shank diameter listed in NAS 897 if tool diameter is within .005″ of shank diameter

Step Reamer Tolerances

  • Tool diameter tolerance:
    • Major & minor cutting diameter: plus .0003″, minus .0000″
    • If non-cutting pilot: plus.000″, minus.001″
  • Shank diameter tolerance:
    • thru 23/32″ tool diameter: plus .0000″, minus .0010″
    • over 23/32″ tool diameter: plus .0000″, minus .0015″
  • Step or pilot length tolerance: plus .005″, minus .005″
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